The Complete Guide to Cut-Resistant Clothing

Author: smartarmours.com

Key Facts Box
• Cut-resistant garments are rated using two global standards: ANSI/ISEA 105 (Levels A1–A9, measured in grams-force) and EN 388:2016 (Levels A–F, measured in Newtons)—both derived from the same ASTM F2992/ISO 13997 TDM-100 test method .
• Primary high-performance fibers include UHMWPE (e.g., Dyneema®)—15 times stronger than steel by weight, with exceptional cut and abrasion resistance—and aramid (e.g., Kevlar®, Twaron®), which provides heat resistance but is vulnerable to UV and chemical degradation.
• The seam is the weakest point of any garment. Seam failure can compromise protection even when the fabric itself remains intact .
• Protection depends on fiber integrity, but UHMWPE is susceptible to thermal degradation at high temperatures, while aramid degrades from UV exposure and chemical attack.
• Primary standards: ASTM F2992 (test method), ANSI/ISEA 105 (North American classification), EN 388:2016 (European classification), and OSHA 29 CFR 1910 Subpart I (general PPE requirements).

Summary Blocks

Cut-resistant clothing (CRC) forms a critical component of personal protective equipment (PPE) across numerous high-risk industries. While the material composition, design, and regulatory compliance of CRC vary widely, the core principle remains: a continuous barrier of engineered fibers must prevent or delay the transmission of mechanical forces from sharp edges to the wearer. However, protection is only as strong as the weakest point—typically the seam.

This guide consolidates authoritative information from ASTM, ANSI/ISEA, EN standards, and industry-wide best practices to provide a practical, fact-based reference for procurement, inspection, and lifecycle management. The content is organized into core sections covering standards, materials, design (with emphasis on seam integrity), maintenance, and application guidance.

Introduction
Global Standards: ANSI vs. EN 388
Key Facts
Comprehensive Comparison Table
Standards & Regulatory Compliance
Material Science & Fabric Technology
The Critical Role of Seams and Construction
Design & Ergonomics
Durability, Maintenance & Lifecycle Management
Occupational Applications & Use Cases
Environmental Impact & Sustainability
Future Trends & Innovations
Conclusion
FAQ
Glossary of Terms
Key Takeaways
References

1. Introduction

Personal protective clothing that resists cutting, slicing, and shredding is indispensable in occupations that expose workers to moving parts, sharp tools, or high-temperature processes. From industrial maintenance and forestry to glass handling, metalworking, and food processing, a single failure in the protective barrier can result in catastrophic injuries or fatalities.

The concept of CRC originated from the need to protect workers from sharpened blades, metal edges, and abrasive surfaces that exceed the protective capabilities of traditional cotton or woven fabrics. Modern CRC solutions leverage advanced fiber technologies—UHMWPE, aramid, fiberglass, and stainless-steel reinforced blends—alongside structural design features such as specialized weaves, patterning, and ergonomic fit.

A critical insight often overlooked: the protective fabric is only one part of the equation. Seams, closures, and construction methods determine whether the garment performs as intended under real-world conditions. This guide prioritizes both material selection and structural integrity to provide a complete reference for procurement and safety management.

2. Global Standards: ANSI vs. EN 388

Cut resistance is measured and classified using two primary global standards. Both derive from the same underlying test—the TDM-100 (Tomodynamometer) machine that measures the force required to cut through a material.

2.1 The Test Method

The TDM-100 test (ASTM F2992 in North America, ISO 13997 internationally) draws a straight blade across the material under increasing load until cut-through occurs. The machine records the cutting force required .

2.2 ANSI/ISEA 105 (North America)

ANSI/ISEA 105 reports cutting force in grams-force (gf) across a 9-level scale (A1–A9). This scale was expanded from 5 levels to 9 to accommodate the superior performance of modern high-cut fibers like UHMWPE.

2.3 EN 388:2016 (Europe)

EN 388:2016 reports cutting force in Newtons (N) across a 6-level scale (A–F), using the ISO 13997 TDM method. The EN standard also includes a separate rotating-blade “Coupe” test; however, for high-performance materials that dull the blade, the result is marked as “X” (not applicable), and the TDM letter rating is used instead .

2.4 ANSI vs. EN 388 Conversion Chart

ANSI/ISEA 105 Level	Cutting Force (grams)	EN 388:2016 Level	Cutting Force (Newtons)
A1	200–499 g	A	2–5 N
A2	500–999 g	B	5–10 N
A3	1000–1499 g	C	10–15 N
A4	1500–2199 g	D	15–22 N
A5	2200–2999 g	E	22–30 N
A6	3000–3999 g	F	30 N and above
A7	4000–4999 g	F	(above 30 N)
A8	5000–5999 g	F	(above 30 N)
A9	6000 g and above	F	(above 30 N)

Important: EN 388 stops at Level F (30 N), while ANSI continues to A9 (6000g+). An ANSI A6, A7, A8, or A9 garment all carry the same EN rating—F—even though ANSI A9 is substantially more cut-resistant than A6.

2.5 Reading an EN 388 Label

EN 388:2016 prints a string of characters beneath the shield-and-anvil pictogram:

4X43F P

Position 1 (4): Abrasion resistance (0–4)
Position 2 (X): Coupe cut test (0–5 / X = not applicable)
Position 3 (4): Tear resistance (0–4)
Position 4 (3): Puncture resistance (0–4)
Position 5 (F): TDM cut resistance (A–F) ← Critical for cut protection
Position 6 (P): Impact protection (P = passed)

3. Key Facts

Aspect	Typical Range / Requirement	Notes
North American cut rating	ANSI/ISEA 105 Levels A1–A9	Measured in grams-force; A9 = 6000g+
European cut rating	EN 388:2016 Levels A–F	Measured in Newtons; F = 30N+
Test method	ASTM F2992 / ISO 13997 (TDM-100)	Straight-blade test; industry gold standard
Primary high-performance fibers	UHMWPE (Dyneema®), Aramid (Kevlar®), steel/fiberglass blends	UHMWPE: 15× stronger than steel by weight; Aramid: heat-resistant but UV-sensitive
Seam integrity	Critical failure point	Seams take the most stress; damaged seams compromise garment protection
Wash durability	Varies by fiber; cut resistance generally retained	Finishes may degrade; UHMWPE and aramid fibers maintain cut resistance after washing
Retirement thresholds	Physical damage, UV degradation, chemical saturation, or measured cut resistance below required level	Condition-based retirement; aramid susceptible to UV; UHMWPE susceptible to high heat
Compliance standards	ASTM F2992 (test), ANSI/ISEA 105, EN 388:2016, OSHA 29 CFR 1910 Subpart I	NFPA 2112 governs flame resistance, not cut resistance

4. Comprehensive Comparison Table

Product Category	Primary Fiber	Cut Resistance Level	Typical Weight (oz/yd²)	Key Properties	Typical Use-Case	Lifecycle Notes
UHMWPE-Based (e.g., Dyneema®)	Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene	ANSI A4–A9 / EN D–F	4–7 oz/yd²	Exceptional strength-to-weight; abrasion-resistant; moisture-resistant; low melting point (~150°C)	High-risk cut hazards; glass handling; metalworking; food processing; extreme cold environments	Protect from high heat; UV-sensitive; cut resistance retained after washing
Aramid-Based (e.g., Kevlar®, Twaron®)	High-modulus aramid	ANSI A3–A6 / EN C–F	6–8 oz/yd²	Heat-resistant; rigid structure; vulnerable to UV and chemical degradation	Heavy maintenance; utility work; firefighting support; high-temperature environments	Susceptible to UV and chemical attack; inspect regularly; lifespan 1–3 years in industrial conditions
Fiberglass/Steel Core Blends	Fiberglass or stainless steel wrapped with synthetic fibers	ANSI A4–A7 / EN D–F	6–10 oz/yd²	High rigidity; excellent cut protection; less flexible	Extreme cut hazards; meat processing; recycling	Follow care instructions; may be less flexible
Hybrid Composite (Aramid + UHMWPE)	Aramid and UHMWPE blend	ANSI A5–A8 / EN E–F	6–9 oz/yd²	Balances heat resistance (aramid) with high cut protection (UHMWPE)	Oil-rich environments; automotive; hazardous material handling	Balance requirements of both fibers
Treated Cotton or Blends	Cotton with synthetic reinforcement	ANSI A1–A3 / EN A–C	5–7 oz/yd²	Lower cost; suitable for light hazards	General industrial work; light material handling	Finishes may degrade with washing

4.1 Material-Specific Performance Insights

UHMWPE vs. Aramid: A Critical Distinction

Research comparing aramid and UHMWPE reveals that the choice depends on the specific threat profile:

Puncture/Stab Resistance: Aramid composite fabrics typically exhibit higher peak puncture force (~85N) due to fiber rigidity, resisting sharp objects like a “shield.” UHMWPE shows slightly lower peak force (~78N) but features a broader energy absorption curve, dissipating energy through fiber stretching and redistribution—better suited for complex threats like cutting tools.
Temperature Sensitivity: UHMWPE maintains excellent mechanical properties down to -150°C, ideal for cold-weather and refrigeration applications. Aramid loses significant protective capability below -30°C. Conversely, UHMWPE begins to degrade at ~150°C, while aramid is inherently heat-resistant .
Cost Dynamics: For equivalent protection levels, UHMWPE is often more cost-effective due to mature manufacturing processes and superior strength-to-weight ratio (1.7× higher than aramid). However, aramid remains irreplaceable for high-heat environments .

5. Standards & Regulatory Compliance

5.1 Core Standards and Bodies

Organization	Key Standard	Focus
ASTM International	F2992/F2992M	Standard test method for cut resistance using the TDM-100
ANSI/ISEA	105	Classification system for hand and arm protection; cut levels A1–A9
ISO	13997	International equivalent of the TDM-100 test method
EN (CEN)	388:2016	European standard for mechanical protection; includes cut levels A–F
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)	2112	Flame-resistant PPE for flash fire hazards—does NOT govern cut resistance
OSHA	29 CFR 1910 Subpart I	General PPE requirements for the workplace

5.2 Compliance Auditing

When selecting CRC, ensure that:

Testing and Certification: Garments are tested per ASTM F2992/ISO 13997 and carry either ANSI/ISEA 105 or EN 388:2016 cut level designations.
Test Reports: Obtain current technical data sheets and test reports, including the specific gram-force or Newton result.
EN 388 Label Reading: Verify the TDM cut letter (position 5)—this is the critical metric for blade and slash protection.
Seam Inspection: Follow manufacturer inspection intervals and pay special attention to seam integrity.

6. Material Science & Fabric Technology

6.1 High-Performance Fibers

UHMWPE (e.g., Dyneema®, Spectra®)

Exceptional strength-to-weight ratio—10–15 times stronger than steel by weight
Excellent cut and abrasion resistance; resists >110,000 wear cycles vs. ~9,500 for aramid
Lightweight, breathable, and flexible; density <1 g/cm³ (floats on water)
Resistant to moisture and chemicals
Critical limitation: Low melting point (~150°C); not suitable for high-heat environments
Maintains performance at extreme low temperatures (-150°C)

Aramid (e.g., Kevlar®, Twaron®)

Heat-resistant synthetic fibers; inherently flame-resistant
High rigidity—puncture resistance peak ~85N
Critical limitation: Vulnerable to UV degradation and chemical attack
Loses protective capability below -30°C
Aramid 29: ~9,500 wear cycles; Aramid 49: ~5,700 wear cycles

Fiberglass/Stainless Steel Reinforced UHMWPE

Research demonstrates that stainless-steel reinforced UHMWPE fabric (13SU) exhibits the highest tear strength (lengthwise 313.1N, widthwise 405.8N), abrasion resistance (800 rubbing cycles), and cut protection (32.43N at 90° cutting angle)
Environmental exposure and thermal stress can reduce performance due to chemical changes in UHMWPE polymer structure

6.2 Knitted Topology and Cut Resistance

Research on UHMWPE knitted fabrics reveals that fabric structure significantly influences both protection and comfort:

Rib-based fabrics: Highest level of mechanical protection due to compact, interlocked loop arrangement
Plain-knitted fabrics: Moderate protection with better air and moisture permeability—higher comfort for long-term wear
Float stitches: Improved thermal insulation by trapping air
Tuck stitches: Increased breathability but slightly reduced mechanical performance

This research demonstrates that protective clothing can be engineered for specific applications by varying stitch type and topology without relying on hybrid reinforcement.

7. The Critical Role of Seams and Construction

7.1 Why Seams Are the Weakest Link

Seams are the most stressed points on any garment. When they break down, the garment’s overall integrity does too. In cut-resistant clothing, a compromised seam can:

Create penetration points in the protective barrier
Expose skin to cutting hazards
Allow the garment to fail catastrophically under load

7.2 Seam Strength Factors

Research on workwear seam strength demonstrates that:

Stitch type and combination significantly affect seam bursting strength and seam strength
Two-step failure occurs in seam strength tests of samples with stitch combinations—the second stitch row functions as a “safety stitch” rather than increasing overall performance
Stitch combinations contribute significantly to seam bursting strength, with stitch rows responding to bursting forces together (one-step failure)

7.3 Seam Inspection

Inspection protocols should prioritize seam lines:

Check for: Fraying or loose stitching, seams pulling apart, reflective striping separating at seams (if applicable)
Frequency: Inspect seam lines frequently and replace garments showing seam stress
Common stress points: Crotch, armpits, cuffs, hem, hood brim, and fitted pockets—areas prone to friction and bending

7.4 Seam Construction Innovations

Modern protective garments may employ:

Seamless bonded structures using high-temperature adhesives and laser cutting to eliminate weak seams at friction points
Edge sealing with UV-cured sealing strips to prevent layer separation at cut edges
Multi-layer bonding with protrusion structures to increase friction between layers and improve peel resistance

8. Design & Ergonomics

8.1 Ergonomic Principles

Weave Density: Higher density improves cut resistance but reduces airflow
Fit and Mobility: Pre-curved designs, flex zones, and articulated joints improve natural movement
Weight Distribution: Lighter fabrics (<7 oz/yd²) improve wearer mobility; heavier fabrics provide greater protection
Knitted Topology: Rib-based structures maximize protection; plain knits maximize comfort

8.2 Multi-Hazard Considerations

Where workers face multiple threats:

Cut + Heat: Aramid or aramid/UHMWPE hybrid
Cut + Extreme Cold: UHMWPE (maintains properties to -150°C)
Cut + Chemical: UHMWPE (chemical-resistant) or hybrid with protective coatings

8.3 Garment vs. Glove Distinction

While ANSI/ISEA 105 originated for hand protection, the same cut levels apply to garment fabrics when tested on flat fabric swatches. However, garments introduce additional considerations:

Seams are the failure point—garments have more seams than gloves
Coverage area—garments must protect larger, more articulated areas
Layering—garments can incorporate multiple protective layers

9. Durability, Maintenance & Lifecycle Management

9.1 Environmental Degradation Factors

Cut-resistant fibers degrade over time under specific conditions:

Fiber Type	Primary Degradation Factors	Effect
UHMWPE	High heat (>150°C), UV exposure, outdoor environment	Reduced crystallinity; diminished cut performance
Aramid	UV exposure, chemicals, moisture	Fiber embrittlement; loss of tensile strength
Reinforced UHMWPE	Radiant heat flux, outdoor elements, chemical composition changes	Presence of ketone (CO) and hydroxy (OH) polar groups; reduced cut-resistance properties

9.2 Laundering and Care Instructions

Garment Type	Recommended Laundering	Frequency	Critical Considerations
UHMWPE-Based	Machine wash; mild detergent; air dry; no high heat	As needed	Protect from high-temperature drying; properties generally retained after washing
Aramid-Based	Hand wash or machine wash cold; no bleach; avoid prolonged UV exposure	As needed	UV and chemical degradation; inspect for brittleness
Steel/Fiberglass Blends	Follow manufacturer instructions	As needed	Less flexible; may degrade with harsh chemicals

9.3 Inspection Protocols

Visual Inspection: Check for tears, cuts, nicks, oil/chemical stains, UV degradation, and seam stress
Seam Inspection: Check for fraying, loose stitching, or pulling apart at stress points
Physical Testing: Periodically verify cut resistance using manufacturer-recommended methods
Documentation: Maintain logs of inspection dates and findings

9.4 Replacement and Lifespan

Garment Type	Estimated Lifespan	Replacement Triggers
UHMWPE Layer	Up to 5 years with proper care	UV damage; heat exposure; physical damage; measured cut resistance below required level
Aramid Layer	1–3 years (real-world industrial use)	UV/chemical degradation; physical damage; measured cut resistance below required level
Reinforced UHMWPE	Variable	Environmental exposure; thermal stress; chemical changes in polymer structure

10. Occupational Applications & Use Cases

Task	Hazard Profile	Recommended Cut Level	Fabric Recommendation	Key Considerations
Glass Handling/Metalworking	Sharp edges, high cut risk	ANSI A6–A9 / EN F	UHMWPE or steel-reinforced UHMWPE	High cut protection; seam integrity critical
Power-Line Maintenance	Moving cables, rotating equipment	ANSI A4–A6 / EN D–F	Aramid or hybrid (Aramid/UHMWPE)	Prioritize cut and abrasion resistance; inspect for UV/chemical damage
Food Processing	Sharp blades, repetitive cutting	ANSI A4–A7 / EN D–F	UHMWPE (FDA-compliant)	Ensure food-contact compliance
Forestry & Logging	Chainsaws, wood chips	ANSI A4–A6 / EN D–F	Specialized chainsaw protection	Follow specific industry standards
Construction (General)	Metal edges, nails	ANSI A2–A4 / EN B–D	Treated blends or UHMWPE	Balance protection with mobility
Welding & Metallurgy	Hot metal, arcs, cuts	ANSI A4–A6 / EN D–F + heat protection	Aramid-based with flame resistance	Address both cut and heat hazards
Extreme Cold/Refrigeration	Sharp ice, frozen materials	ANSI A4–A7 / EN D–F	UHMWPE (maintains properties to -150°C)	Avoid aramid below -30°C
Oil-Rich Environments	Sharp edges + chemical exposure	ANSI A5–A8 / EN E–F	Hybrid (Aramid/UHMWPE) or coated UHMWPE	Monitor for oil/chemical saturation

11. Environmental Impact & Sustainability

Industry trends toward sustainable cut-resistant clothing include:

Fiber Selection: UHMWPE offers durability and longevity, reducing replacement frequency
Design for Longevity: High-quality seams and construction extend garment life
Reduced Weight: Lighter fabrics mean less material usage and lower transport emissions
Emerging Fibers: Bio-based and recyclable high-performance fibers under development

12. Future Trends & Innovations

Reinforced UHMWPE: Stainless-steel and glass-fiber reinforced UHMWPE showing superior cut and tear performance
Knitted Topology Engineering: Optimizing stitch patterns and fabric structures to balance protection and comfort without reinforcement
Multi-Hazard Garments: Combining cut resistance with flame, chemical, and thermal protection
Smart Inspection Technologies: Embedded sensors to monitor fabric integrity and detect damage
Seamless Construction: Advanced bonding techniques to eliminate weak seam points
Environmental Durability: Research on maintaining cut performance under outdoor and thermal exposure conditions

13. Conclusion

Accurate understanding and selection of cut-resistant garments require knowledge of standardized testing (ASTM F2992/ISO 13997), classification (ANSI/ISEA 105 and EN 388:2016), and the properties of high-performance fibers (UHMWPE, aramid, and reinforced blends).

Critical insights for safety professionals:

Standards matter: ANSI/ISEA 105 (A1–A9) and EN 388:2016 (A–F) use the same underlying test but different reporting scales. A6 and F are NOT equivalent—A6 is the start of F, while A9 far exceeds F.
Seams are the weakest link: Even the best fabric fails at the seam. Inspect seams as diligently as the fabric itself .
Material selection depends on environment: UHMWPE excels in cut protection and extreme cold but fails under high heat. Aramid handles heat but degrades from UV and chemicals .
Lifespan is condition-based: Environmental exposure (UV, heat, chemicals) degrades fibers over time. Replace based on condition, not calendar .

Manufacturers should provide clear labeling of cut levels (ANSI/ISEA 105 and EN 388), test results (grams-force or Newtons), seam specifications, and maintenance instructions. Employers and workers must prioritize regular inspection, proper laundering, and condition-based replacement to ensure ongoing protection.

14. FAQ

Q: What do ANSI Cut Levels A1–A9 mean?
A: They indicate the grams-force required to cut through the material using the TDM-100 test. A1 = 200–499g; A9 = 6000g+.

Q: What do EN 388 Levels A–F mean?
A: They indicate the Newtons of force required to cut through. A = 2–5N; F = 30N+. Note that F includes ANSI A6 through A9.

Q: How do ANSI and EN 388 levels compare?
A: ANSI A1–A5 roughly align with EN A–E. ANSI A6, A7, A8, and A9 all map to EN F. An A9 garment is far more cut-resistant than an A6 garment, but both are labeled F under EN.

Q: Does NFPA 2112 certify cut resistance?
A: No. NFPA 2112 certifies flame resistance for flash fire protection. It does not address cut resistance.

Q: What is the strongest cut-resistant fiber?
A: UHMWPE (e.g., Dyneema®) provides the highest cut resistance by weight—10–15× stronger than steel. Reinforced UHMWPE with stainless steel or glass fibers further enhances performance.

Q: What’s the weak point of any cut-resistant garment?
A: The seam. Seams take the most stress and, when damaged, compromise the entire garment’s protection .

Q: Can I wash cut-resistant garments?
A: Yes. Cut resistance is generally retained after washing. However, follow manufacturer instructions—avoid high heat, especially for UHMWPE.

Q: How long do cut-resistant garments last?
A: Lifespan depends on use conditions, not a fixed timeline. UHMWPE: up to 5 years with proper care; Aramid: 1–3 years in industrial conditions due to UV sensitivity.

15. Glossary of Terms

ANSI/ISEA 105: North American standard classification for cut-resistant PPE; levels A1–A9
Aramid: Heat-resistant synthetic fibers (e.g., Kevlar®, Twaron®); UV and chemical sensitive
ASTM F2992: Standard test method for cut resistance using the TDM-100 (Tomodynamometer) apparatus
Coupe Test: Rotating-blade test in EN 388; marked “X” for high-performance materials
CRC: Cut-resistant clothing
EN 388:2016: European standard for mechanical protection; includes cut levels A–F
ISO 13997: International standard for the TDM-100 cut resistance test method
TDM-100: Tomodynamometer test machine used in ASTM F2992 and ISO 13997
UHMWPE: Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene; high-performance fiber; 10–15× stronger than steel by weight; maintains properties to -150°C; degrades above ~150°C

16. Key Takeaways

Use the Right Scale: ANSI/ISEA 105 (A1–A9, grams) and EN 388:2016 (A–F, Newtons) use the same test but different ranges—an A6 and F are not the same; A9 far exceeds F.
Know Your Fibers: UHMWPE provides the highest cut protection with lightweight comfort but fails under high heat. Aramid adds heat resistance but is UV and chemical-sensitive .
Seams Are Critical: The seam is the weakest point. Inspect seams as carefully as the fabric itself—damaged seams compromise the entire garment .
Match Material to Environment: UHMWPE excels in extreme cold (-150°C); aramid loses protection below -30°C. Conversely, UHMWPE degrades above 150°C.
Standards Matter: ASTM F2992/ISO 13997 is the test method; ANSI/ISEA 105 and EN 388:2016 are the classification systems. NFPA 2112 is for flame resistance, not cuts.
Inspect and Replace: Lifespan is condition-based, not calendar-based. UV, heat, chemicals, and physical damage determine when to replace .
Consider Reinforced Options: Stainless-steel reinforced UHMWPE offers superior tear and cut performance for extreme hazards.

17. References

BAC Tactical. “Cut Resistance Levels Explained: ANSI A1–A9 vs EN 388 A–F.” https://bac-tactical.com
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“芳纶与超高分子量聚乙烯耐穿刺防护服布料的性能对比及价格差异分析.” kfxincai.com, 2026.
Kyorene. “Standards – Guide to EN 388 Cut Levels.” https://www.kyorene.com
Cintas. “Spot the Signs: Four Early Ways PPE Is Failing.” https://www.cintas.com
“高耐磨户外工服选择：从CORDURA到超高分子量聚乙烯的全方位对比.” 今日头条, 2026.
Singh, S., Das, A., Kumar, N., & Kumar, B. “Study on Cut-Resistance Properties of Composite Yarn Based Knitted UHMWPE Textiles.” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2025.
Huidun UHMWPE. “PriceList for UHMWPE Continuous Filament.” https://www.huidunuhmwpe.com
Singh, S., et al. “Influence of Knitted Topology on Cut Resistance and Comfort Properties of UHMWPE Fabrics.” Fibers & Polymers, 2026.
Chinese Patent CN224276557U – Functional Garment Seamless Bonded Peel Resistant Structure.